Muscular Dystrophy

Duchenne type Muscular Dystrophy

This is the most common form. Although girls can be carriers and mildly affected, it’s much more common in boys.

Frequent falls
Difficulty rising from a lying or sitting position
Trouble running and jumping
Waddling gait
Walking on the toes
Large calf muscles
Muscle pain and stiffness
Learning disabilities

Becker Muscular Dystrophy

Signs and symptoms are similar to those of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, but tend to be milder and progress more slowly. Symptoms generally begin in the teens but might not occur until the mid-20s or later.

Other types of Muscular Dystrophy

Some types of muscular dystrophy are defined by a specific feature or by where in the body symptoms begin. Examples include:

Myotonic: This is characterized by an inability to relax muscles following contractions. Facial and neck muscles are usually the first to be affected. People with this form typically have long, thin faces; drooping eyelids; and swanlike necks.
Facioscapulohumeral (FSHD): Muscle weakness typically begins in the face, hip and shoulders. The shoulder blades might stick out like wings when arms are raised. Onset usually occurs in the teenage years but can begin in childhood or as late as age 50.
Congenital: This type affects boys and girls and is apparent at birth or before age 2. Some forms progress slowly and cause only mild disability, while others progress rapidly and cause severe impairment.
Limb-girdle: Hip and shoulder muscles are usually affected first. People with this type of muscular dystrophy might have difficulty lifting the front part of the foot and so might trip frequently. Onset usually begins in childhood or the teenage years.

Complications

The complications of progressive muscle weakness include:

Trouble walking: Some people with muscular dystrophy eventually need to use a wheelchair.
Trouble using arms: Daily activities can become more difficult if the muscles of the arms and shoulders are affected.
Shortening of muscles or tendons around joints (contractures): Contractures can further limit mobility.
Breathing problems: Progressive weakness can affect the muscles associated with breathing. People with muscular dystrophy might eventually need to use a breathing assistance device (ventilator), initially at night but possibly also during the day.